Cancer affects millions of people worldwide. One of the most important ways to improve outcomes is to detect it early. Blood tests are becoming an increasingly valuable tool for this. These tests are non-invasive and can help find signs of cancer in the body before symptoms appear. This article explains how blood cancer tests work and what they can tell us.
How do blood cancer tests work?
When cancer is present, it can cause changes in the blood. These changes often include higher or unusual levels of certain substances called biomarkers. Biomarkers can be proteins or genetic materials linked to cancer cells. By measuring these, doctors can sometimes detect cancer or get clues about its behavior.
What is the CEA test?
One common blood test is the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) test. CEA is a protein that can show up at higher levels in people with certain cancers, like colorectal cancer. Doctors may use this test to check if cancer is growing or to monitor how well treatment is working. It’s one piece of information used alongside other exams and tests.
What is the PSA test?
Another example is the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test, which helps detect prostate cancer. PSA is a protein made by the prostate. Low amounts are normal, but higher levels might suggest cancer. However, PSA can also rise due to other conditions like an enlarged prostate or infection. That’s why follow-up tests, such as a biopsy, are often needed.
What are liquid biopsies?
A newer and promising method is called a liquid biopsy. It involves testing blood for small traces of genetic changes linked to cancer. This type of test is still being studied, but it could change how we find and treat cancer in the future.
Why are liquid biopsies important?
Liquid biopsies have a major benefit: they are non-invasive. Instead of removing tissue with surgery, doctors only need a blood sample. This makes testing safer and more comfortable. These tests can also help identify the type of cancer and guide treatment based on its genetic features.
In conclusion, blood cancer tests are becoming an important tool in detecting and tracking cancer. Tests like CEA and PSA can help doctors monitor cancer and decide on treatments. Newer methods like liquid biopsies offer exciting possibilities, though more research is needed. It’s important to remember that blood tests are just one part of the diagnostic process. They work best when combined with imaging, physical exams, and other medical evaluations.
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